Against excessive speculative attacks that threaten sovereign bond stability, we cannot avoid taking decisive defensive measures. We will hammer the reality of the central bank's defense line into their heads. (N1 lesson 4)
Several firms already have shortfalls in eligible collateral running to tens of millions of yen. I've set the deadline for payment at 15:00 today and ordered them to pay at once. If payment stalls, we'll have no choice but to seize the assets under the contract clauses. (N1 lesson 45)
Yes, Counsel Hiramatsu. Conforming strictly to regulations, I recorded the deliberative progression leading up to the resolution in detail. I am cross-checking item by item against the original transcripts so it withstands public disclosure and inspection. (N1 lesson 5)
Yes. While large manufacturing corporations can pass along rising input costs downstream to some extent, when it comes to small and medium enterprises, our estimates show that profit degradation from frozen shelf prices will breach their critical limits of business viability. (N1 lesson 16)
Understood, Miki-san. Taking into account the principle of protecting victim privacy, vivid descriptions from the scene have been toned down. (N2 lesson 6)
Indeed. Without powerful demand stimulation that lifts household consumption from the bottom, shifting supply-demand equilibrium into positive territory will be exceptionally difficult. (N1 lesson 6)
Yes. Without careful groundwork beforehand and a meticulous explanation of the policy, there is no containing the market's unease. To protect our credibility as a central bank, we too must come to tomorrow's deliberations fully resolved. It is time to bring our long groping in the dark to a close. (N1 lesson 29)
Yes. The widening rate gap between home and abroad, coupled with structural capital outflows tied to outward foreign investment, is pushing exchange-rate volatility to its absolute limit. The imbalances accumulated across asset markets are fragile to a point where they can no longer be ignored. (N1 lesson 7)
Yes. The system analyzes the depth of the order book in real time and automatically slices orders into the best lot sizes. Automating the bidding this way, with its millisecond immediacy working together with smoother market liquidity, achieves a high fill rate and a restrained market impact at the same time. (N1 lesson 48)
No time to wait for the next scheduled news block. Run an emergency L-shaped alert ticker across the screen immediately! Let alone commercial breaks, there isn't even time to wait for station sponsor credits! (N2 lesson 8)
Yes. We have objective grounds in hand: a raw recording from the site admitting the flaws in the routine inspections. There is no need even to correct it, let alone apologize. (N2 lesson 20)
No time to wait for the next scheduled news block. Run an emergency L-shaped alert ticker across the screen immediately! Let alone commercial breaks, there isn't even time to wait for station sponsor credits! (N2 lesson 8)
Yes. We have objective grounds in hand: a raw recording from the site admitting the flaws in the routine inspections. There is no need even to correct it, let alone apologize. (N2 lesson 20)
In regional economies where capital demand is scarce, there is an undesirable tendency for lenders to neglect credit risk management in their rush to engage in reckless lending competition. It is no wonder concerns regarding the soundness of the financial system are mounting. (N1 lesson 10)
Yes. The investors who most want to lock in long-term margins tend to shun the risk of prices falling after a future policy revision, and to grow overly cautious about taking part in auctions. As a result, wariness in the market is growing, and the auctions aren't being absorbed. (N1 lesson 34)
Taro, don't rush. In line with official reporting guidelines, cross-check the intake logs of each hospital patiently, one by one. Without reviewing overlaps between direct ambulance transfers and walk-ins, you cannot finalize accurate numbers. (N2 lesson 11)
Good. Within the scope of legitimate quotation for news purposes, put it on screen as material comparing the past damage with how the levees have been raised today. Credible archive reporting stands only when the rules of the law are properly kept. (N2 lesson 24)
Yes, Desk Head Ooba. Surplus capital is accumulating rapidly across the short-term money market, and overnight rates are dropping disorderly. The market's supply-demand balance has broken down, and rate-drop pressure has reached a critical threshold. Leaving it unattended at this level is dangerous in the extreme, threatening to paralyze market functionality. (N1 lesson 12)
Yes. Arbitrage between government bond issues of different maturities no longer works, and the curve has lost its continuity. The market's price discovery has fallen into dysfunction, and with its reliability as a benchmark gone, I have to say it is unsound in the extreme as financial infrastructure. (N1 lesson 25)
〜であれ / 〜であれ〜であれ whether … or …; whoever / whatever
Yes, Director Tadokoro. Market participants are rushing to price in policy ratification, discounting the yield curve to levels unintended by the bank. Whether real economic indicators trend upward or downward, I have codified in the text that we will hold fast to our current easing framework until the sustainable realization of our price stability target is verified. (N1 lesson 13)
Desk Head Ooba, I want to set out the arguments on the market impact of the intervention funds. Whether the intervention is sterilized or unsterilized, its consistency with our monetary operations policy will be tested very hard. (N1 lesson 71)
Desk Head Ooba, our surveillance detected movements displaying the unmistakable air of an anomaly within the overnight call money market. Enormous sums of uncollateralized funds are being procured within a brief window via specific foreign-affiliated financial institutions. (N1 lesson 14)
Desk Head Ooba, something like an emergency is distorting the gensaki trades in one particular government bond on the repo market. For a specific issue, the newly issued 5-year bond, the rate for borrowing it against cash has sunk to minus 3.5%. (N1 lesson 35)
Governor, the prohibition against the direct underwriting of government debt stipulated under Article 5 of the Bank of Japan Act is a noble norm designed to prevent the loss of national fiscal discipline. Ignoring market realities to assume the government's liabilities without limit would be an act of institutional betrayal unacceptable for any central bank. (N1 lesson 15)
Yes. Distorting price formation in the market and tying the hands of private companies' management would be an overreach unacceptable for a central bank. For the Bank, as a shareholder, to interfere directly in the exercise of voting rights at private shareholder meetings is absolutely impermissible, from the standpoint of institutional neutrality. (N1 lesson 43)
Yes. While large manufacturing corporations can pass along rising input costs downstream to some extent, when it comes to small and medium enterprises, our estimates show that profit degradation from frozen shelf prices will breach their critical limits of business viability. (N1 lesson 16)
The penetration rate of price hikes across various services is expanding reliably; the reality that price inflation is taking firm root across our entire economic structure is something that cannot help but command our deepest attention. We can deduce that this is no longer a transitory cost-push phenomenon, but that a solid footing toward a virtuous cycle between wages and prices is steadily being constructed. (N1 lesson 19)
Thank you. I feel keenly how great our duty is to account to the people for the intent of our monetary policy and our financial structure. So that the public understands our independence and mission, I will take the stand with dignity and win back the market's trust. (N1 lesson 26)
According to the city council's announcement, it is reported that competitive bidding will be introduced across all zones and a procurement reform committee of citizens will be established. Piling up testimony and pursuing it was worthwhile, which explains why we won. (N3 lesson 154)
Leave it like this and bonds can't be delivered on settlement day. No one will be able to source them, and the whole bond market will be dragged into chaos and grind to a halt. We have to correct the distortion this short squeeze has caused, right now. (N1 lesson 23)
Exactly. Unable to find a safe place to invest, regional banks leave the money deposited in their current accounts with us, and that pooling has become entrenched. Left as it is, low rates will clearly weaken the regional banks' earning power and sap local communities of their vitality. We urgently need to design new lending incentives to break the deadlock. (N1 lesson 51)
They point out that because this country's government bond yields are held down artificially, carry trades aimed at the gap between domestic and foreign rates have ballooned, carrying excessive volatility into other countries' sovereign debt markets. Central bankers from every country could not hide their deep concern that the market's distortion is crossing borders and spreading. (N1 lesson 24)
Yes. Conditions for issuing debt on the ground are worse than companies' earnings reports suggest. The market clearly reflects financial institutions moving to shrink their risk assets, and I cannot help feeling deep concern at these omens of a broad credit crunch that could drag in the real economy. (N1 lesson 49)
Yes. We must work with the operations desk at once and show we're ready to buy at every maturity. We need to launch interception measures with everything we have, to stop speculators from distorting the market. (N1 lesson 27)
Facing rapid food industrialization and the homogenization of global palates, we must sound a clear alarm bell to protect terroir-rooted foodways. Those who lead the world's heritage foodways must never bow to commercial convenience; our duty is to advocate the sacred link uniting human culture with nature. (N1 lesson 281)
A superb, gripping appeal, in the thick of the tension. Under the sponsors' contracts we'll have no choice but to take a huge loss on the commercials, but right now saving lives comes absolutely first! Keep urging people firmly, again and again, to act to save their lives! (N2 lesson 27)
Yes. We exceeded our initial quarterly production budget cap by about 30 million yen, compelling budget reallocations drawing funds from other programs' contingency reserves. To clear strict financial audits by accounting, I took great pains cross-checking the purpose and timestamps on every single receipt to prove fiscal validity. (N2 lesson 57)
〜ながらに / 〜ながらの as (it has always been); while still
Chobi-san, please assist with deciphering this old merchant's ledger. It is written not with Western pens, but with traditional brushes and black sumi ink. (N5 lesson 32)
They're so afraid of rate risk that they've blown the spreads wide open, not just in off-the-run issues but even in the new current issues that ought to be the most liquid, and they refuse to post decent quotes. They've thrown away their duty to supply the market steadily. (N1 lesson 39)
In other words, this price rise is not limited to transitory import cost surges, but cannot yet be confirmed as having spilled over into a virtuous cycle backed by sustained wage increases, correct? (N1 lesson 2)
If the regulatory authority that should police corporate malfeasance intentionally covered up complaints out of collusion with contractors, this case goes beyond disciplinary reprimands, entering the scope of the State Redress Act. In line with public records regulations, scrutinize the sign-off routing of these administrative audit records. (N2 lesson 45)
I'm sorry, Master Ichinose! It's a masterpiece, hand-forged by a Sakai smith from pure Hitachi Metals white-paper steel, so I held back from grinding for fear of chipping the edge. (N1 lesson 152)
任せなさい。風が吹くと揺れるゆえ、くれぐれも高所での作業は慎重に行うのじゃぞ。
Leave it to me. The ladder sways when the wind blows, so carry out your work at high elevation with utmost prudence. (N4 lesson 45)
Oh, the powerful tones echoing far and wide across the mountain valley feel splendid! Hearing this marvelous traditional melody, thunderous applause is sure to erupt from the audience on festival day. (N4 lesson 47)
The moment the performance ended, thunderous applause roared up toward the clear autumn night sky! The cheers are resounding all the way to the valley floor! (N4 lesson 56)
So the gap in issuing rates between top-rated, highly creditworthy companies and everyone else is widening quickly. I never thought private companies' short-term funding conditions could cool this fast... (N1 lesson 49)
Yes. Fired unglazed at thirteen hundred degrees, Bizen clay is exceptionally dense and non-porous, making it vulnerable to localized thermal conductivity spikes. Skipping the basic step of pre-warming the vessel in lukewarm water landed us in this unfortunate bind, destroying a historic piece. (N1 lesson 255)
Thank you, Natsume. At today's meeting, the status quo on policy interest rates was affirmed by unanimous consent. Starting with the opening declaration, I will clearly communicate our fundamental stance of tenaciously maintaining monetary easing to the market. (N1 lesson 9)
Yes. Starting with this term's case, we plan to review our internal guidelines on reporting methodology validity comprehensively. Even with public-interest value, rigorous deliberation is required on how far unauthorized filming should be permitted. (N2 lesson 61)
From the standpoint of credit preservation, that is a critical decision. In light of our internal risk management standards premised on private counterparty default, we must verify whether our current valuation haircuts adequately secure asset value. (N1 lesson 8)
Yes. Even against Supreme Court precedents, with the legitimacy of our reporting this obvious, I hold firm conviction that their motion will be promptly dismissed. Counter this improper pressure with resolve, and proceed with broadcast preparations as scheduled. (N2 lesson 63)
You idiot! Listen when your desk tells you to stop! Would you pump out a serious false report in the race for speed and throw society into panic? A rumor with no corroboration can't be treated as fact, however loud the noise around it! (N2 lesson 67)
Right! We have legal backing for protecting human life. Without waiting for emergency consultations with the sales director, I make the decision to cut the entire ad block under producer authority! Sub-control, send CM skip signals to master control! Keep emergency alerts for residents in disaster zones on air with top priority! (N2 lesson 102)
As the guardian of the currency that protects people's lives and property, in the midst of any crisis I must win depositors' peace of mind, with unshakable resolve. I will appeal with all my soul to the whole nation to act calmly, and not be misled by groundless rumors. (N1 lesson 110)
All of you truly carried a heavy responsibility well. The guardians of a currency must, through whatever storms the age brings, answer the trust of the people and protect the bedrock of the nation and of the world economy. With the strength of our firm unity in our hearts, let us go forward into the dawn of a new age! (N1 lesson 140)
Reporter Aoi, this facility strictly observed operational regulations under the River Act; facing abnormal flooding exceeding design thresholds, we merely executed emergency releases to prevent structural breaches of the dam itself. (N2 lesson 131)
〜たる(もの) one who is (and so should)
In 36 lines of the course, first in N3 lesson 150.
A wonderful movement demonstrating the rise of civic sovereignty consciousness. Citizens as taxpayers hold legitimate rights to know what their representatives debate in the council. (N3 lesson 150)
Lord Vance, thank you for making the long journey. As an institution bearing the mantle of central banking entrusted with international financial stability, we have not the slightest intention of placing unexpected burdens upon the market mechanisms of other nations. I ask for your understanding that this is an indispensable measure to achieve our domestic price stability mandate. (N1 lesson 11)
Be afraid and you'll never raise a real knife. The reason a Japanese knife is single-bevel is none other than this: the delicate concave hollow on its back, the urasuki, cuts the contact with the food to the minimum and prevents crushing the cells. (N1 lesson 152)
In the profound tranquility of a tea room, charred magnolia charcoal stands as the sole possible choice to burn without emitting odors or smoke that could interfere with incense. (N1 lesson 172)
〜ならでは unique to, only (possible with)
In 14 lines of the course, first in N1 lesson 157.
This method, which sharpens the contour of the flavor to the limit through the balance of natural ingredients alone, without any artificial seasoning, is a miraculous crystallization born of Japan's traditional sensory evaluation. The depth of the long, quiet aftertaste after a single sip makes one feel the profound aesthetics found only in Japanese cuisine. (N1 lesson 157)
Yes. Even the drips of glaze and the kiln scars that only fired pottery has become a landscape of mountains and water, raising before the guest's eyes the poetry of a riverbank in late autumn. This miraculous harmony and refined grace between food and vessel is the very essence of the tea kaiseki the atelier keeps alive. (N1 lesson 164)
Thank you. As keeper of the vessels, which hold a dish's brief life, to be present at the moment your honed aesthetics of plating and the skin of the vessel ring together perfectly is the height of a craftsman's joy. (N1 lesson 164)
The clay plate and crystalline fish flesh achieve perfect harmony; witnessing knife mastery marry ceramic art represents the height of vocational fulfillment. (N1 lesson 176)
〜に至るまで (right down) to, even
In 24 lines of the course, first in N3 lesson 166.
Yes! Comparing aggregate data from our founding 500 daily sheets to our current 120,000 copies, I'm drawing the graph lines with accuracy! (N3 lesson 166)
Everyone, stop your work and gather around. Starting with the subway power failure, to our crane collapse scoop, and coastal typhoon coverage, a tumultuous, exhausting week has reached a milestone. I will synthesize the performance across all desks. (N2 lesson 30)
With inspectors looking on, the gauge needle points to 150 PSI without budging! Zero leaks from joints—our official passing certificate was issued! (N3 lesson 175)
Ren, assemble the plate for the publisher's address atop Page 1. "On the occasion of our 10th anniversary, toward the longstanding warm patronage of our honored readers, we state our deepest heartfelt gratitude"... (N3 lesson 177)
Impeccable technical execution must join deep awareness of your lineage duty; witnessing craft transmission across generations leaves me with profound reverence. (N1 lesson 178)
Testing tackiness by hand, adhesion to rollers is exquisite! Thinking we get to print broadsheets with this magnificent ink brings the highest joy as a pressman! (N3 lesson 182)
Shadows celebrated in Tanizaki's essays come alive; candlelight playing across muted patina embodies wabi-sabi simplicity and profound mystery. (N1 lesson 175)
Good. Our bylaws and statutes strictly mandate highly transparent public disclosure. To demonstrate the legal foundation of our policy decisions objectively, not a single word must be left ambiguous. (N1 lesson 5)
In the hard water of the West, the scum and tannins would set, and block the extraction of clear umami. I'll be grateful for Kyoto's blessed groundwater, and start the preparation without wasting a single drop. (N1 lesson 153)
〜を経て through, after going through
In 16 lines of the course, first in N3 lesson 188.
Look, blank web rolls are swallowed, and twenty-four-page broadsheets carrying gold foil mastheads and sweet scents of indigo-black discharge through folders like a waterfall! (N3 lesson 188)
Director Tadokoro, it is the eve of tomorrow morning's policy meeting. After your informal exchanges with each Policy Board member, what path toward consensus do you see? (N1 lesson 29)
As gentle simmering proceeds, the cell walls release their own juices in a process of self-extraction. Without adding heavy stock, the entire pot fills with a golden broth drawn purely from the mushrooms' own concentrated essence. (N1 lesson 206)
Shinji! Large-grain white Tamba soybeans, simmered for five hours in the great iron cauldron! Squeezed between thumb and pinky without effort, they yield like soft earlobes—a flawless simmer! (N1 lesson 216)
Scientific confirmation from a comparative study is deeply reassuring. Now that we know the traditional wooden-vat method is not mere nostalgia, but has real academic value, sustaining rare diversity and long-term resilience, we must protect this living ecosystem for future generations at any cost. (N1 lesson 229)
Passing our inspection, we certify by unanimous consent that this ensemble adds splendid luster to our culinary preparations! Transition immediately to our full dry-run service, demonstrating the dignity of our craft! (N1 lesson 250)
〜に足る / 〜に足りない worthy of; not worth
In 1 line of the course, first in N1 lesson 289.
見事だ。真の国威発揚を果たすに足る傑作であると認め、ここに家元としての正式な献立認可と裁可を下す！
Splendid. I judge it a masterpiece worthy of raising the nation's standing, and here, as Grand Master, I give the menu my formal approval and sanction! (N1 lesson 289)
〜なり (直後) as soon as
In 1 line of the course, first in N1 lesson 295.
椀に口をつけ、一口含むなり硬直する
Putting the bowl to his lips, and freezing at the first sip. (N1 lesson 295)
〜をよそに in disregard of, ignoring
〜をものともせず undaunted by, in defiance of
〜を限りに as of (the last time)
〜にかたくない it is easy to (imagine)
〜にひきかえ in contrast to
〜にもまして even more than
〜にして(初めて) only (at / with) …; even at
〜にかこつけて using … as an excuse
〜には当たらない there is no need to
〜にもほどがある there's a limit to
〜や否や / 〜や the moment that
〜が早いか no sooner than
〜そばから no sooner … than (again and again)
〜たが最後 once (and then it's hopeless)
〜かたわら while also, alongside (a main activity)
〜がてら while (doing), on the way
〜かたがた partly to, combining with (formal)
〜ともなると / 〜ともなれば when it comes to being
〜とあって because (it is a special occasion)
〜とあれば if it is (for), if that's the case
〜ともあろう (someone) of all people, one who is
〜なりに / 〜なりの in one's own way
〜なり〜なり either … or … (take your pick)
〜といえども even though, even
〜ときたら when it comes to (critical)
〜といい〜といい both … and … (in every respect)
〜いかん / 〜いかんによらず depending on; regardless of
〜いかんにかかわらず / 〜いかんを問わず regardless of
〜といったらない indescribably
〜てやまない never cease to (wish, hope)
〜ずくめ all, entirely (of)
〜ぶる pretend to be, act (superior)
〜ことなしに without doing
〜ないまでも even if not (quite)
〜んがため(に) in order to (literary)
〜べくもない there's no way to
〜べからず / 〜べからざる must not (notices, written)
〜てしかるべきだ it is only natural that, ought to
〜ではあるまいし / 〜じゃあるまいし it's not as if …, so
〜ようにも〜ない even if one wanted to, cannot
〜うと〜まいと whether or not
〜ものを if only (regret)
〜ばこそ precisely because
〜と思いきや just when one thought
〜とばかりに as if to say
〜ともなく / 〜ともなしに without really meaning to; (from) somewhere
